IOSR-JEF   Volume-6 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2015

Abstract: The finance literature suggests that in almost any kind of investing, returns would at least have some relationship with risk-free rate of return (Rf), with investors demanding higher returns for greater risk. Risk-free asset is regarded as one where the investor knows the expected return with certainty. This leads to the notion of Equity Risk Premium (ERP), the extra return that, as compensation for the additional borne risk, the investor earns over the Rf, typically taken as 91-day Treasury bills (TB) rate of return. While similar studies have been performed in the past, the applicability of the ERP concept across financial markets and its economic implications as a risk measure has remained a contentious issue in the field, particular in emerging markets.

Abstract: This paper examines the econometrics analysis of capital adequacy ratios and the impact on the profitability of Commercial Banks in Nigeria from 1980 – 2013. The objective is to investigate whether there is a dynamic long run relationship between capital adequacy ratios and the profitability of commercial banks. Time series data were sourced from Stock Exchange factbook and financial statement of quoted commercial banks and the Johansen co-integration techniques in vector error correction model setting (VECM) as well as the granger causality test were employed. The study has Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Investment (ROI) and Return on Equity (ROE) as the dependent variables and the independent variables are Adjusted Capital to Risk Asset Ratio (ACRR), Capital to Deposit Ratio (CTD), Capital to Net Loans and Advances Ratio (CNLAR), Capital to Risk Asset Ratio (CRA) and Capital to Total Asset Ratio (CTAR).

Abstract: The economic openness is the reality of today's developed world. The asymmetrical distribution of resources and factor of production has required the economist and social scientists for mutual interaction and trade cooperation for the development of the global economy. The trade and economic cooperation between the two countries is more important these days because of the essential for formulating a feasible and beneficial strategy for the development of the both countries.India is impost prime trading partner of Nepal. Both countries proved to be path-breaking in mapping new horizons in the old age relations. In fact, the Indian life time is vital for the sustenance and growth of Nepal. It is by far the greatest source of imports to Nepal, as well as its primary country of exports. Exchange of high level visits has been the hallmark of Nepal-India relations during the past five decades.Open border has moulded a unique relationship between the countries. However, this has facilitated people to people linkages.

Abstract:Feminist economy is a movement that consist the study of gender roles in the economy from the perspective of liberators and critical work that aimed to its implementation in economic activities. Economic feminism is altruism which means that it puts the interests of others than oneself. In the expansion of the feminist economy is divided into two parts which are domestic (housewife) and Go Public (career woman). Economic feminism in this article is housewives. The main issue of this paper lies on the author‟s confussion as a housewive who have not been able to explore in managing the family economy and educate their children to have a economic morality to conduct their economic activities. The purpose of this article is to analyze the patterns of thinking and attitudes of housewife who has an important role in economic learning for the members of her family to manage the intensity of her family's needs and creating economic stability in running the family economy to build the economy of Pancasila morality for their children.
Keywords: Economic Feminism, Education, Home Economics, and Economic Morality of Pancasila

Abstract: This study attempts to examine the causal relationship between lending rate and deposit rate in Bangladesh for the period of 2003:07 to 2015:06. After collecting monthly data of lending rate and deposit rate, the study employed Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) tests for testing the stationarity of the series, Johansen Cointegration test to visualize the long run relationship between the two variables, Granger causality test to investigate the existence and direction of causality between the variables and impulse response function on a structured Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to know the reaction of one variable to an impulse in other.

Abstract: Ghana has been challenged by high inflation rates for a long period of time. The phenomenon in many cases leaves in its trail adverse economic consequences. Therefore, forecasting inflation rates in Ghana becomes very important for government and central bank to design fiscal measures or effective monetary policies to combat any unexpected high inflation in this country. For firms and households, knowledge about the rate of inflation in future enables them to factor it into their planning so as to guard against unpleasant ramifications. This paper employs Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) technique to model inflation rates in Volta region of Ghana.

Abstract: This paper aims to revisit the link between government spending and economic growth in the present of Wagner's Law in Nigeria from 1972-2011. The examination is based on the functional form of Wagner Law augmented by incorporating the square of GDP. We employed ARDL bound testing, combine cointegration and Toda-Yamamoto non- Granger causality test in this study. Cointegration was found in both methods, and the causality test supports the presence of Wagner' Law. However, increase in GDP (i.e. Square of GDP) has an adverse impact on economic growth. This shows that GDP as a proxy for economic growth has a certain point from which, any additional increase will reduce government spending. Therefore, the government needs to come up with programs that will motivate small and medium enterprises at all levels of government. Hence, the increase in GDP in the long run, tend to reduce government expenditure, which in turn prevents deficit financing.

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[2]. Alimi, R. S. (2013). Testing augmented Wagner's Law for Nigeria Based on Cointegration and Error-Correction Modelling Techniques (No. 52319).University Library of Munich, Germany.
[3]. Aregbeyen, O. (2006). Cointegration, causality and Wagner's Law: A test for Nigeria, 1970-2003.Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review, 44(2).
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Abstract: The mysterious debate upon whether the macroeconomic forces are responsible for factor-cost disparities, or are the factor-cost disparities become a macro-economic problem is nerve-challenging for economists and policy makers. As one of the presentation (Hornstein & Fed, 2005) explained the wage disparity by means of reasons like workers heterogeneity, compensation differentials, discriminations and frictions.(Popli& Yilmaz, 2014)speaks in support by relating increase in education labor supply with decreased in the wage dispersion.The latter part of this dictum was considered more ceremonial for the author when he started looking to use his financial prowess in this area. This probing leads to development of the analytical paper, where the challenge are mainly in the confinement of using the factual financial information and its relationship with wage cost differentials and generating the firm-specific factor- risk profiling and optimization with well-known OLS and LAD coefficient estimating tools. Thus, this paper is a combination of the relevant literature survey and the easily defined statistical regression methods to understand the potential in terms of firm-specific idiosyncratic wage costs regression residuals in providing optimal long-horizon macroeconomic factor-risk solution.

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